Republic of KenyaKenya Forest ServiceKenya NFMS-FIPNational Forest Monitoring System – Forest Information PlatformHealthy Forests • Resilient Ecosystems • People and Nature • Data for Action

Climate Reporting

National climate and GHG reports, indicators and tools.

Climate Data

+1.2 °CWarming since the 1960sAbout 0.21 °C per decade, to 2023
+1 to 1.7 °CProjected by 2035Higher in lowlands; north and west up to 1.3 °C
17%Mt Kenya glaciers leftOf original size; may disappear in 15 years
> 84%Arid and semi-arid landOf Kenya's land area
3–5%GDP lost each yearTo extreme weather
52.6 MPopulation 202457.8 M in 2031, 62.2 M in 2035
Losses from recent climate extremes (USD million)
2011 drought
USD 11.0 bnDamages
2017 drought (agriculture)
USD 200 mLosses in agriculture (KES 20 billion)
2018 floods
USD 100 mDamage to infrastructure and property (KES 10 billion)
2022–2023 drought
USD 650 mEconomic losses (KES 70 billion); GDP growth fell from 5.8% to 4.9%
2024 floods (March–May)
USD 783 mDamages (KES 101 billion); losses of a further USD 672 million

Climate change costs Kenya an estimated 3–5% of GDP a year. Source: Second NDC, section 1.2.3.

  • Rainfall: October–December short rains projected to increase in many counties; March–May long rains to decline, by over 100 mm in much of the interior by 2035.
  • The Tana River supplies over 60% of Kenya's hydropower; sea level rise could affect up to 86,000 people a year by 2030.
  • Between 1977 and 2014, temperature rose in all 21 arid and semi-arid counties studied, by more than 1.5 °C in five, and rainfall declined in 15 of them.

Source: Kenya's Second Nationally Determined Contribution 2031–2035, Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Forestry, 2025.