Policies & Legal Framework

Environmental Management and Coordination Framework

• Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (EMCA): environmental assessment, audits and NEMA's mandate.
• National Land Policy (Sessional Paper No. 3 of 2009) and the Constitution (Articles 60, 69, 70): land principles, at least 10% tree cover, right to a clean environment.
• Land Degradation Neutrality targets under the UN Convention to Combat Desertification.
• Restoration of 5.1 million ha of degraded land by 2030 (AFR100 and the Bonn Challenge).
• Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy 2017–2026 and the National Forest Programme 2016–2030.
• Second NDC (2031–2035): increase tree cover through afforestation, reforestation and agroforestry; reduce deforestation and degradation (REDD+ approach) in land and water-based ecosystems.